Alberto-Barroso and colleagues have argued that the peopling of the islands must have taken place after Roman occupation of the archipelago officially described by Pliny the Elder. Some authors claim that the earliest occupation of Gran Canaria Island occurred during the 4 thcentury CE, a chronology obtained from human bone collagen extracted from the mortuary cave of Guayadeque (Alberto-Barroso et al., 2019 Velasco-Vázquez et al., 2020). The latter were known to be mainly pastoralist communities living inland and lacking long-distance seafaring knowledge. The second hypothesis argues for a later occupation of the archipelago mainly initiated by Roman seafarers who could have brought tribal peoples of northern Morocco, known as Berber tribes (Onrubia-Pintado, 1992 Velasco-Vázquez, 2015 Morales-Mateos et al., 2017 Alberto-Barroso et al., 2019 Fregel et al., 2019 Velasco-Vázquez et al., 2020). Leonardo Torriano’s map of the Canary Islands in the late sixteenth century (source: Biblioteca Geral da Universidade de Coimbra, catalogue number Ms. BCE (Atoche-Peña, 2011 Atoche-Peña and Ramírez-Rodríguez, 2017a). The oldest chronologies come from the site of Buenavista in Lanzarote, which brings human settlement as far back as 960 cal. The oldest evidence of Phoenician presence in west Africa comes from a glass bead found at the site of Nin-Bèrè 3, in Mali, dated between 7 th – 5 th century BC (Truffa Giachet et al., 2019). From Pliny the Elder (23-79 CE) in his Naturalis Historia, as well as from recent discoveries in the islet of Lobos (Arco-Aguilar et al., 2016 Atoche-Peña and Ramírez-Rodríguez, 2017), it has been widely acknowledged that the islands were once visited and settled by the Roman Empire. Roman cities such as Lixus and Volibus – modern Moroccan cities of Larache and nearby Meknes – were discovered to be original Phoenician settlements strategically located near the northwest African coast highly exploited by these merchants (López-Pardo and Mederos-Martín, 2000, 2008 Mederos-Martín and Escribano-Cobo, 2008). Nearby evidence from these ancient seafarers comes from the well-documented factory of the island of Mogador, where Stramonita haemasatoma was exploited to obtain the lustrous red dye, a Phoenician trademark (López-Pardo and Mederos-Martín, 2000 Mederos-Martín and Escribano-Cobo, 2002 Wagner, 2008). One possible explanation considers the settlement of the archipelago started by Phoenician merchants exploring the northwest coasts of Africa (Atoch-Peña, 2003, 2011 González-Antón and Arco-Aguilar, 2007 González-Antón and Arco-Aguilar, 2009). Two main hypotheses are currently being discussed. The peopling of the Canary Islands is still a matter of debate in archaeology. Many Cubans have ancestors that migrated from the Canary Islands to Cuba.The Maritime Archaeology of the Canary Islands Paloma Cuello del Pozo Santa Cruz: Museo Naval del Barco de la Virgen. The third-largest city of the Canary Islands is San Cristóbal de La Laguna (a World Heritage Site) on the island of Tenerife. In 1927 a decree ordered that the capital of the Canary Islands be shared, as it remains at present. Between the 1833 territorial division of Spain and 1927, Santa Cruz de Tenerife was the sole capital of the Canary Islands. Its capital is shared by the cities of Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, which in turn are the capitals of the provinces. The autonomous community of the Canary Islands was established in 1982. In 1927, the Province of Canary Islands was split into two provinces: the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife and the Province of Las Palmas. During the time of the Spanish Empire, the Canaries were the main stopover for Spanish galleons on their way to the Americas, which came south to catch the prevailing northeasterly trade winds. In ancient times, the island chain was often referred to as “Las Afortunadas” (the Fortunate Isles.) Historically, the Canary Islands have been considered a bridge between four continents: Africa, North America, South America, and Europe. The archipelago includes many smaller islands and islets. The seven main islands are (from largest to smallest in area) Tenerife, La Palma, El Hierro, La Gomera, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, and Lanzarote. The Canary Islands ( Islas Canarias) are a Spanish archipelago and the southernmost autonomous community of Spain located in the Atlantic Ocean, 62 miles west of Morocco at the closest point. Books-Canary Islands-Lanzarote-La Palma.Books-Canary Islands-Fuerteventura-Gran Canaria.Genealogies of Trinidad and Villa Clara.
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